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Grade 12 · Chemistry · Advanced

Chemistry 12

Full BC Chemistry 12 coverage — reaction kinetics, chemical equilibrium, solubility equilibrium, acids and bases, applications of acid-base reactions, and oxidation-reduction.

Contents

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1

Reaction Kinetics

5 of 5 published

  1. 1.1
    Reaction rate: definition and measurement

    Defining and measuring reaction rate.

    Published

  2. 1.2
    Factors affecting rates of reaction

    Concentration, temperature, surface area and catalysts.

    Published

  3. 1.3
    Collision theory

    Why some collisions cause reactions and others do not.

    Published

  4. 1.4
    Potential energy diagrams: activation energy and the activated complex

    Activation energy, activated complex and energy change.

    Published

  5. 1.5
    Reaction mechanisms and catalysis

    Elementary steps, the rate-determining step and catalysts.

    Published

2

Chemical Equilibrium

6 of 7 published

  1. 2.1
    Dynamic equilibrium and reversible reactions

    Equal forward and reverse reaction rates.

    Published

  2. 2.2
    Le Châtelier's principle

    Predicting how a disturbed equilibrium shifts.

    Published

  3. 2.3
    Volume, pressure and temperature changes at equilibrium

    Pressure/volume and temperature effects.

    Published

  4. 2.4
    Enthalpy and entropy

    The two driving forces behind change.

    Published

  5. 2.5
    The equilibrium constant

    Writing and interpreting Keq.

    Published

  6. 2.6
    Equilibrium calculations

    ICE tables and solving for concentrations.

    Published

  7. 2.7
    Surface area and equilibrium

    Why changing a solid's surface area speeds reaching equilibrium but never shifts its position.

    In preparation

3

Solubility Equilibrium

4 of 4 published

  1. 3.1
    The concept of solubility

    Dissolving as a dynamic equilibrium.

    Published

  2. 3.2
    Qualitative analysis — identifying ions

    Using selective precipitation to identify ions.

    Published

  3. 3.3
    The solubility product constant (Ksp)

    Writing Ksp and finding molar solubility.

    Published

  4. 3.4
    Precipitation formation and Ksp

    Comparing the trial ion product to Ksp.

    Published

4

Acids and Bases

5 of 5 published

  1. 4.1
    Identifying acids and bases

    Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry; conjugate pairs.

    Published

  2. 4.2
    The strengths of acids and bases

    Strong versus weak; degree of ionization.

    Published

  3. 4.3
    Water equilibrium and the ionization of water

    Kw and the neutral point.

    Published

  4. 4.4
    pH and pOH

    Measuring acidity from ion concentrations.

    Published

  5. 4.5
    Calculations involving Ka and Kb

    Finding the pH of weak acids and bases.

    Published

5

Applications of Acid-Base Reactions

5 of 5 published

  1. 5.1
    Hydrolysis of salts

    Why salt solutions can be acidic, basic or neutral.

    Published

  2. 5.2
    The chemistry of buffers

    Solutions that resist changes in pH.

    Published

  3. 5.3
    Acid-base titrations

    Finding a concentration by neutralization.

    Published

  4. 5.4
    Titration curves and choosing an indicator

    Titration curves and choosing indicators.

    Published

  5. 5.5
    Non-metal and metal oxides in water

    Acidic and basic oxides.

    Published

6

Oxidation-Reduction and Its Applications

5 of 5 published

  1. 6.1
    Oxidation-reduction

    Oxidation numbers and identifying redox.

    Published

  2. 6.2
    Balancing oxidation-reduction equations

    The half-reaction method.

    Published

  3. 6.3
    Standard reduction potentials and predicting reactions

    Standard reduction potentials and spontaneity.

    Published

  4. 6.4
    The electrochemical (galvanic) cell

    Galvanic cells that produce electricity.

    Published

  5. 6.5
    The electrolytic cell

    Using electricity to force non-spontaneous reactions.

    Published

What is Chemistry 12 in British Columbia?

Short answer

Chemistry 12 is the BC senior-chemistry course focused on chemical dynamics and equilibrium: reaction kinetics, chemical equilibrium, solubility equilibrium, acid-base equilibrium and its applications, and oxidation-reduction (electrochemistry). It assumes the quantitative foundation from Chemistry 11 and is strong preparation for AP Chemistry.

Course overview

Chemistry 12 asks not just what reactions do, but how fast and how far. You study reaction rates and the factors that change them, then equilibrium as a dynamic balance — applied to solubility, acids and bases, and buffers. The course closes with oxidation-reduction and electrochemistry, connecting chemistry to energy and cells.

What you will learn

  • Analyse reaction rates and the factors that affect them
  • Apply equilibrium and Le Châtelier’s principle
  • Work with solubility equilibria and the solubility product
  • Solve acid-base equilibrium problems, including pH and buffers
  • Balance and reason about oxidation-reduction reactions and cells

Who this course is for

  • • BC students who completed Chemistry 11 and want deeper chemical reasoning
  • • Students preparing for AP Chemistry or university general chemistry
  • • Anyone who finds equilibrium, acids and bases, or redox confusing

Commonly difficult topics

  • • Equilibrium — reasoning about shifts rather than memorizing outcomes
  • • Acid-base — connecting pH, Ka/Kb, and buffer behaviour
  • • Solubility — using the solubility product correctly
  • • Redox — assigning oxidation numbers and balancing half-reactions

How Dr. Shreyank Educare teaches this course

  1. 01 · Diagnose

    Find the exact skill causing difficulty — not the chapter, the skill.

  2. 02 · Understand

    Learn it through explanations, worked examples and visual reasoning.

  3. 03 · Practice

    Work problems that adapt to how you are actually doing.

  4. 04 · Fix

    A wrong answer becomes targeted remediation for the misconception behind it.

  5. 05 · Prove

    Solve new, unseen problems independently before mastery is awarded.

Course curriculum

1Reaction Kinetics5 topics
  • — Reaction rate: definition and measurement
  • — Factors affecting rates of reaction
  • — Collision theory
  • — Potential energy diagrams: activation energy and the activated complex
  • — Reaction mechanisms and catalysis
2Chemical Equilibrium7 topics
  • — Dynamic equilibrium and reversible reactions
  • — Le Châtelier's principle
  • — Volume, pressure and temperature changes at equilibrium
  • — Enthalpy and entropy
  • — The equilibrium constant
  • — Equilibrium calculations
  • — Surface area and equilibrium
3Solubility Equilibrium4 topics
  • — The concept of solubility
  • — Qualitative analysis — identifying ions
  • — The solubility product constant (Ksp)
  • — Precipitation formation and Ksp
4Acids and Bases5 topics
  • — Identifying acids and bases
  • — The strengths of acids and bases
  • — Water equilibrium and the ionization of water
  • — pH and pOH
  • — Calculations involving Ka and Kb
5Applications of Acid-Base Reactions5 topics
  • — Hydrolysis of salts
  • — The chemistry of buffers
  • — Acid-base titrations
  • — Titration curves and choosing an indicator
  • — Non-metal and metal oxides in water
6Oxidation-Reduction and Its Applications5 topics
  • — Oxidation-reduction
  • — Balancing oxidation-reduction equations
  • — Standard reduction potentials and predicting reactions
  • — The electrochemical (galvanic) cell
  • — The electrolytic cell

A sample learning experience

For the equilibrium N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃ (exothermic), predict the effect of increasing the pressure on the amount of NH₃.

  1. 1. Le Châtelier: the system shifts to reduce the imposed change.
  2. 2. Count gas moles: 4 on the left (1 + 3), 2 on the right.
  3. 3. Higher pressure favours the side with fewer gas molecules — the right.
  4. 4. So increasing pressure shifts the equilibrium toward products, increasing the amount of NH₃.

Frequently asked questions

Is Chemistry 12 hard?
It is more conceptual than Chemistry 11 — equilibrium and acid-base reasoning trip up many students. Practising the reasoning (why a system shifts) rather than memorizing results is what makes it manageable.
Do I need Chemistry 11 before Chemistry 12?
Yes. Chemistry 12 assumes fluency with the mole, stoichiometry, and reactions from Chemistry 11.
Is Chemistry 12 good preparation for AP Chemistry?
Yes. Kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, and electrochemistry all overlap with AP Chemistry, so Chemistry 12 is a strong stepping stone.
How much math is in Chemistry 12?
Algebra, logarithms (for pH), and careful unit work. The challenge is chemical reasoning more than arithmetic.
What is the best way to study Chemistry 12?
Diagnose which idea a problem tests — rate, equilibrium position, pH, or redox — and drill that specific reasoning. Passive re-reading rarely fixes equilibrium confusion.

Related courses

Chemistry 11 →AP Chemistry →

Explore all Chemistry courses →

Curriculum & sources

Content source: original lessons, worked examples and diagrams created for Dr. Shreyank Educare.

Curriculum alignment: Grade 12 Chemistry (BC curriculum).

Curriculum-aligned learning support — not an official school, ministry, or College Board course, and not a replacement for official credit.

Last updated . Authored and maintained in-house by the Dr. Shreyank Educare teaching team — see our editorial standards, methodology and source policy.