Grade 12 · Chemistry
Le Châtelier's principle
Why it matters
Predicting how a disturbed equilibrium shifts.
Advanced20m readingPrerequisite: Introduction to dynamic equilibrium
What is Le Châtelier’s principle?
Short answer
Le Châtelier’s principle states that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by a change in concentration, pressure, or temperature, the equilibrium shifts in the direction that partly counteracts the change. Adding a reactant shifts it toward products; increasing pressure shifts it toward the side with fewer gas molecules; raising temperature favours the endothermic direction.
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Frequently asked questions
- How does adding a reactant affect equilibrium?
- The equilibrium shifts toward the products to consume some of the added reactant and partly offset the change.
- Does a catalyst shift the equilibrium?
- No. A catalyst speeds up both directions equally, so it reaches equilibrium faster but does not change its position.