Grade 12 · Chemistry
Introduction to dynamic equilibrium
Why it matters
Equal forward and reverse reaction rates.
Advanced20m readingPrerequisite: None
What is chemical equilibrium?
Short answer
Chemical equilibrium is the state of a reversible reaction in which the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, so the concentrations of reactants and products stay constant over time. It is dynamic — reactions continue in both directions — not static. Le Châtelier’s principle predicts how the equilibrium shifts when conditions change.
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Frequently asked questions
- What does Le Châtelier’s principle say?
- If a system at equilibrium is disturbed (concentration, pressure, or temperature), it shifts to partly counteract the change.
- Does equilibrium mean the reaction has stopped?
- No — both directions continue at equal rates, so concentrations stay constant while the reaction is still occurring.